Dog DNA and Genes Influence of Body Size

Dog DNA and genes influence of body size -- Pet dogs have a body size that is so varied, from the size of a kitten up by goats. Among other mammals, dogs are probably the most varied body size. Why so?

The question is makes Elaine A. Ostrander of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and other researchers to find out. Because of these properties is derived, then the researchers studied the genetic properties of 3240 dogs from 143 different derivatives to find his mother.

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DNA test results turned out to show that dogs have tiny mutation in the same gene. However, mutation in the genes is not found in most of the big dogs, such as the St. Bernard, Great Danes, and Irish wolfhound breed.

A total of 14 small dogs, such as Portuguese water dog, Chihuahua, fox terrier, poodle and Pomeranian, has the same DNA sequence in the gene which controls production of the hormone Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This gene has been known to its role in regulating body growth in other organisms, such as mice and humans. 

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Gene Selection 

"It shows that the derivative smallish dog came from the selection process in the same gene mutation," Dr. Carlos Bustamante says, one of the researchers from Cornell University in Ithaca, USA. Further studies estimating the mutation is taking place since about 10 thousand years ago.

Genetically, all domestic dogs (pets) are a derivative of wild wolves. The dog was first domesticated some 15 thousand years ago even though wolves have lived alongside humans for 400 thousand yearly. During its development, genetic mutations become permanent after a similar derivative bred then spread through trade and together with human migration.

However, the same genetic sequence in the IGF-1 gene is also found in several types of big dogs. That is, there are other factors that determine the size of the dog's body. "We know this is a new part, but this finding is very important," said Ostrander which reported the latest findings in the journal Science.

He said, by studying the regulation of body growth, we can understand more clearly the formation of cancer and other diseases that triggered the growth process is wrong. Variation contained in the dog's body becomes an excellent basis for studying the variations that occur in the human body.

According to K. Gordon Lark, another researcher from the University of Utah, 200 to 300 dogs have a disease that also affects humans, such as high blood pressure, cancer, and low immunity. Dogs are as well living in the same environment with humans, so if the conditions that trigger this defect occurs, the process is similar between inside the human body with the dog's body.

So, this is all about dog DNA and genes influence of body size. if we can overcome them in dogs, it is a fantastic leap. You may also read about popular small mini dog and toy breeds types.